Negotiators at the United Nations are advancing proposals for a global tax treaty that could require major fossil fuel companies and the ultra-wealthy to pay for climate damages and support resilience funding — a contentious move reflecting rising global climate accountability demands.

Environmental policy is fracturing ahead of COP30. Europe salvages a weakened deal, Brazil balances ambition with oil exploration, and Australia wavers on net-zero — revealing competing global approaches to the energy transition and rising climate risk.